01
The one that decides everything
The domain name
Your address. The thing on the van, on the invoices and in every customer's phone. It is rented annually from a registrar, and the person or company recorded as the holder is the one who controls it — not the one who pays the invoice, and not the one who uses it.
Usually held byYou, if you registered it. Often the person who built the site, if they registered it on your behalf and nobody ever moved it across.
When the name is not yoursEverything else on this list becomes negotiable. Your email address, your search results and the cards in a thousand toolboxes all point at an address you do not hold.
02
The invisible one
The DNS, or where the address points
A short list of instructions attached to the domain, saying which computer serves the website and which one handles the email. Changing it takes a minute and takes effect within hours. It is why a site can move host without anybody noticing.
Usually held byWhoever has the login to the domain, and sometimes a second party the domain was pointed at years ago and then forgotten about.
When the name is not yoursThis is the one that takes email down. A site can be rebuilt in a week; a business whose email stops arriving on a Tuesday has a different kind of problem.
03
The monthly one
The hosting or platform account
The space the site actually runs in, and increasingly a subscription to a platform rather than a server. It is the line on somebody's credit card every month, which is the easiest of the five to find out about, because somebody is paying it.
Usually held byThe studio, on a plan covering many clients, and billed on to you as part of a monthly fee. That is an ordinary and perfectly honest arrangement, and it is not the same as you having an account.
When the name is not yoursYou cannot take a copy, you cannot let anybody else look at it, and the site ends the day the plan does — including on the day the studio closes rather than the day you leave it.
04
The one everybody assumes
The site itself, and what is in it
Two different things wearing one name. The words, the photographs and the logo are yours because you made them or paid for them. The build — the design, the templates, the code — is whatever the agreement says it is, and plenty of perfectly reasonable agreements licence it rather than sell it.
Usually held byYou for the content, in practice. The build depends entirely on what was signed, and on many small jobs nothing was signed at all.
When the name is not yoursYou can walk away with everything a customer ever sees and still not be able to take the site. Ask before you need to know, and ask for it in writing.
05
The one people forget entirely
The Google Business Profile
The map listing with your hours, photos and reviews on it. It is not part of your website, it is free, and for a local business it is often doing more of the selling than the site is. It has a primary owner, other owners, and managers, and those are three different levels of control.
Usually held byWhoever claimed it, which is regularly an agency, a franchise head office, or a staff member who left in 2021 and whose personal address is still on it.
When the name is not yoursThe reviews are the part that hurts. Years of them attach to the listing, not to you, and they are the single thing you cannot rebuild by spending money.
If you read that and cannot answer for two or three of them, you are in the ordinary position rather than a bad one. Nearly nobody knows, because nearly nobody was told. The next section is how to find out for each one without ringing the person you are wondering about — which matters, because the moment you ask is the moment the arrangement gets discussed, and it is better to have the answers first.